South Africa’s Future: Symposium—African National Congress

Three decades after sub-Saharan Africa joined the “third wave,” democracy’s ability to endure has been established in many countries, but its quality remains a grave concern.

For years Kenya was regarded as one of Africa’s sturdiest democracies. The fraudulent 2007 presidential election, however, exposed the fragility of Kenya’s democratic framework.

Due to weak opposition parties and presidential dominance, many African countries have not reaped the full benefits of regularly held elections.