{"title":"Country: El Salvador<\/span>","orderby":false,"found_posts":15,"paged":1,"max_num_pages":1,"posts":[{"id":25549,"ID":25549,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/how-courts-undermine-democracy\/","excerpt":"

The judiciary is widely assumed to defend democracy. Yet in reality, even when independent of elected governments, courts can endanger democracy\u2014sometimes by enabling executives and sometimes by aggressively fighting them.<\/p>\n","title":"How Courts Undermine Democracy","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":2718,"name":"April 2026","slug":"april-2026","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2026\/","volume":"37","issue":"2"},"class":"post-25549 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-andrew-odonohue country-cote-divoire country-el-salvador country-turkey country-venezuela issue-april-2026 region-multiregional section-article subject-courts subject-democratic-backsliding subject-institutions","terms":{"authors":[{"id":2572,"name":"Andrew 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Oppositions resisting autocrats or antidemocratic incumbents could once get help internationally. But the space for democracy promotion has narrowed, while oppositions face divisions within their own ranks over how to best fight back.<\/p>\n","title":"How Global Illiberalism Damages Democracy","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":2718,"name":"April 2026","slug":"april-2026","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2026\/","volume":"37","issue":"2"},"class":"post-25571 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-javier-perez-sandoval authors-maryhen-jimeenez authors-timothy-j-power country-el-salvador country-mexico country-venezuela issue-april-2026 region-multiregional section-article subject-authoritarian-influence subject-authoritarianism subject-democratic-backsliding subject-illiberalism","terms":{"authors":[{"id":2726,"name":"Maryhen Jime\u0301nez","slug":"maryhen-jimeenez","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/maryhen-jimeenez\/"},{"id":2686,"name":"Javier P\u00e9rez Sandoval","slug":"javier-perez-sandoval","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/javier-perez-sandoval\/"},{"id":676,"name":"Timothy J. 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Latin America remains haunted by the specter of \u201cstrongman\u201d rule. Term limits have been a way of guarding against this threat, but aspiring autocrats have now found a new avenue to bypass this barrier to power: courts of law.<\/p>\n","title":"The Threat to Latin American Term Limits","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":2651,"name":"October 2025","slug":"october-2025","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2025\/","volume":"36","issue":"4"},"class":"post-23962 article type-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry authors-benjamin-n-gedan authors-elias-french country-el-salvador country-nicaragua country-venezuela issue-october-2025 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean subject-term-limits-and-incumbency","terms":{"authors":[{"id":2666,"name":"Benjamin N. 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Covid-19 swept across Latin America with devastating effects. 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The Salvadoran president\u2019s \u201ciron fist\u201d policies have become one of the most popular political brands in Latin America. 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Nayib Bukele has developed a blend of political tactics that combines populist appeals and classic autocratic behavior with a polished social-media brand. 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When asked by presidents to intervene domestically for crime-fighting or civil-order purposes, Latin American militaries face a number of risks and have a degree of freedom to tailor their responses accordingly.<\/p>\n","title":"The Return of the Latin American Military?","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":2142,"name":"October 2020","slug":"october-2020","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2020\/","volume":"31","issue":"4"},"class":"post-9142 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-david-pion-berlin authors-igor-acacio country-bolivia country-brazil country-chile country-ecuador country-el-salvador country-peru issue-october-2020 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean subject-civil-military-relations","terms":{"authors":[{"id":329,"name":"David Pion-Berlin","slug":"david-pion-berlin","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/david-pion-berlin\/"},{"id":2155,"name":"Igor Ac\u00e1cio","slug":"igor-acacio","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/igor-acacio\/"}],"country":[{"id":1343,"name":"Bolivia","slug":"bolivia","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/bolivia\/"},{"id":1346,"name":"Brazil","slug":"brazil","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":31,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/brazil\/"},{"id":1359,"name":"Chile","slug":"chile","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/chile\/"},{"id":1376,"name":"Ecuador","slug":"ecuador","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/ecuador\/"},{"id":1378,"name":"El Salvador","slug":"el-salvador","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/el-salvador\/"},{"id":1469,"name":"Peru","slug":"peru","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":25,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/peru\/"}],"issue":[{"id":2142,"name":"October 2020","slug":"october-2020","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/october-2020\/","volume":"31","issue":"4"}],"region":[{"id":1313,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"latin-america-and-the-caribbean","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":313,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1541,"name":"Civil-military relations","slug":"civil-military-relations","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":127,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/civil-military-relations\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":6896,"ID":6896,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/social-media-disruption-messaging-mistrust-in-latin-america\/","excerpt":"

In Latin America, greater exposure to social media\u2014and the digital misinformation that comes with it\u2014seems to be bolstering prodemocratic attitudes even as it fuels public distrust in democratic institutions.<\/p>\n","title":"Social Media Disruption: Messaging Mistrust in Latin America","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1971,"name":"July 2020","slug":"july-2020","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2020\/","volume":"31","issue":"3"},"class":"post-6896 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-elizabeth-j-zechmeister authors-mariana-v-ramirez-bustamante authors-noam-lupu country-argentina country-brazil country-el-salvador country-mexico issue-july-2020 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean subject-digital-technology subject-public-opinion subject-social-media","terms":{"authors":[{"id":1093,"name":"Noam Lupu","slug":"noam-lupu","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/noam-lupu\/"},{"id":1981,"name":"Mariana V. Ram\u00edrez Bustamante","slug":"mariana-v-ramirez-bustamante","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/mariana-v-ramirez-bustamante\/"},{"id":1982,"name":"Elizabeth J. Zechmeister","slug":"elizabeth-j-zechmeister","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/elizabeth-j-zechmeister\/"}],"country":[{"id":1327,"name":"Argentina","slug":"argentina","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":19,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/argentina\/"},{"id":1346,"name":"Brazil","slug":"brazil","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":31,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/brazil\/"},{"id":1378,"name":"El Salvador","slug":"el-salvador","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/el-salvador\/"},{"id":1442,"name":"Mexico","slug":"mexico","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":40,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/mexico\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1971,"name":"July 2020","slug":"july-2020","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":14,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2020\/","volume":"31","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1313,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"latin-america-and-the-caribbean","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":313,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1748,"name":"Digital technology","slug":"digital-technology","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":56,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/digital-technology\/"},{"id":1579,"name":"Public opinion","slug":"public-opinion","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":101,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/public-opinion\/"},{"id":1588,"name":"Social media","slug":"social-media","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":30,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/social-media\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":5382,"ID":5382,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-decay-of-the-central-american-left\/","excerpt":"

Following the settlement of the revolutionary conflicts that long plagued the region, the left was able to reach power through elections. But the results have been discouraging.<\/p>\n","title":"The Decay of the Central American Left","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1912,"name":"July 2019","slug":"july-2019","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2019\/","volume":"30","issue":"3"},"class":"post-5382 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-forrest-d-colburn country-el-salvador country-guatemala country-nicaragua issue-july-2019 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean subject-left-wing-parties-and-movements subject-political-parties subject-protests","terms":{"authors":[{"id":457,"name":"Forrest D. Colburn","slug":"forrest-d-colburn","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":7,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/forrest-d-colburn\/"}],"country":[{"id":1378,"name":"El Salvador","slug":"el-salvador","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/el-salvador\/"},{"id":1396,"name":"Guatemala","slug":"guatemala","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":13,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/guatemala\/"},{"id":1457,"name":"Nicaragua","slug":"nicaragua","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/nicaragua\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1912,"name":"July 2019","slug":"july-2019","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":16,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2019\/","volume":"30","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1313,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"latin-america-and-the-caribbean","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":313,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1925,"name":"Left-wing parties and movements","slug":"left-wing-parties-and-movements","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":20,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/left-wing-parties-and-movements\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":248,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"},{"id":1911,"name":"Protests","slug":"protests","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":81,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/protests\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2951,"ID":2951,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/latin-americas-new-turbulence-trouble-in-the-northern-triangle\/","excerpt":"

Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador are weighed down by high crime, sluggish economies, and heavy reliance on remittances. And when significant political change has taken place, it has resulted in frightening political fragmentation.<\/p>\n","title":"Latin America\u2019s New Turbulence: Trouble in the \u201cNorthern Triangle\u201d","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1726,"name":"April 2016","slug":"april-2016","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2016\/","volume":"27","issue":"2"},"class":"post-2951 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-arturo-cruz-s authors-forrest-d-colburn country-el-salvador country-guatemala country-honduras issue-april-2016 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean subject-corruption subject-crime-and-policing subject-economic-development subject-political-parties","terms":{"authors":[{"id":457,"name":"Forrest D. Colburn","slug":"forrest-d-colburn","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":7,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/forrest-d-colburn\/"},{"id":525,"name":"Arturo Cruz S.","slug":"arturo-cruz-s","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":4,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/arturo-cruz-s\/"}],"country":[{"id":1378,"name":"El Salvador","slug":"el-salvador","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/el-salvador\/"},{"id":1396,"name":"Guatemala","slug":"guatemala","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":13,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/guatemala\/"},{"id":1401,"name":"Honduras","slug":"honduras","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":9,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/honduras\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1726,"name":"April 2016","slug":"april-2016","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-2016\/","volume":"27","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1313,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"latin-america-and-the-caribbean","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":313,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":189,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1935,"name":"Crime and policing","slug":"crime-and-policing","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":17,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/crime-and-policing\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":248,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":2710,"ID":2710,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/el-salvadors-beleaguered-democracy\/","excerpt":"

In February 2014, Salvadorans narrowly elected as president a former FMLN guerrilla commander, but he will have to deal with a dire economy and horrific levels of crime.<\/p>\n","title":"El Salvador\u2019s Beleaguered Democracy","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1719,"name":"July 2014","slug":"july-2014","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":19,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2014\/","volume":"25","issue":"3"},"class":"post-2710 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-arturo-cruz-s authors-forrest-d-colburn country-el-salvador issue-july-2014 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean subject-elections","terms":{"authors":[{"id":457,"name":"Forrest D. Colburn","slug":"forrest-d-colburn","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":7,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/forrest-d-colburn\/"},{"id":525,"name":"Arturo Cruz S.","slug":"arturo-cruz-s","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":4,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/arturo-cruz-s\/"}],"country":[{"id":1378,"name":"El Salvador","slug":"el-salvador","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/el-salvador\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1719,"name":"July 2014","slug":"july-2014","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":19,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2014\/","volume":"25","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1313,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"latin-america-and-the-caribbean","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":313,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":509,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":975,"ID":975,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/the-turnover-in-el-salvador\/","excerpt":"

In March 2009, El Salvador saw its first peaceful alternation of power since independence, as the FMLN, a former guerilla movement that laid down its arms in 1992, finally won the presidency.<\/p>\n","title":"The Turnover in El Salvador","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1699,"name":"July 2009","slug":"july-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"3"},"class":"post-975 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-forrest-d-colburn country-el-salvador issue-july-2009 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean section-article subject-corruption subject-democratic-consolidation subject-economic-development subject-elections subject-political-culture subject-political-parties","terms":{"authors":[{"id":457,"name":"Forrest D. Colburn","slug":"forrest-d-colburn","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":7,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/forrest-d-colburn\/"}],"country":[{"id":1378,"name":"El Salvador","slug":"el-salvador","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/el-salvador\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1699,"name":"July 2009","slug":"july-2009","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":21,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/july-2009\/","volume":"20","issue":"3"}],"region":[{"id":1313,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"latin-america-and-the-caribbean","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":313,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/"}],"section":[{"id":1528,"name":"Article","slug":"article","taxonomy":"section","parent":0,"count":791,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/sections\/article\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1544,"name":"Corruption","slug":"corruption","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":189,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/corruption\/"},{"id":1547,"name":"Democratic consolidation","slug":"democratic-consolidation","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":247,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-consolidation\/"},{"id":1549,"name":"Economic development","slug":"economic-development","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":172,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/economic-development\/"},{"id":1551,"name":"Elections","slug":"elections","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":509,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/elections\/"},{"id":1565,"name":"Political culture","slug":"political-culture","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":378,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-culture\/"},{"id":1566,"name":"Political parties","slug":"political-parties","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":248,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/political-parties\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":8449,"ID":8449,"post_type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/articles\/salvaging-el-salvador\/","excerpt":"

Read the full essay here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","title":"Salvaging El Salvador","newsdate":false,"supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":false,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":{"id":1630,"name":"April 1992","slug":"april-1992","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":12,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-1992\/","volume":"3","issue":"2"},"class":"post-8449 article type-article status-publish hentry authors-enrique-a-baloyra country-el-salvador issue-april-1992 region-latin-america-and-the-caribbean subject-democratic-transition subject-left-wing-parties-and-movements subject-violence","terms":{"authors":[{"id":2048,"name":"Enrique A. Baloyra","slug":"enrique-a-baloyra","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/enrique-a-baloyra\/"}],"country":[{"id":1378,"name":"El Salvador","slug":"el-salvador","taxonomy":"country","parent":0,"count":15,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/countries\/el-salvador\/"}],"issue":[{"id":1630,"name":"April 1992","slug":"april-1992","taxonomy":"issue","parent":0,"count":12,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/issue\/april-1992\/","volume":"3","issue":"2"}],"region":[{"id":1313,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","slug":"latin-america-and-the-caribbean","taxonomy":"region","parent":0,"count":313,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/regions\/latin-america-and-the-caribbean\/"}],"subject":[{"id":1548,"name":"Democratic transition","slug":"democratic-transition","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":578,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/democratic-transition\/"},{"id":1925,"name":"Left-wing parties and movements","slug":"left-wing-parties-and-movements","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":20,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/left-wing-parties-and-movements\/"},{"id":1952,"name":"Violence","slug":"violence","taxonomy":"subject","parent":0,"count":33,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/subjects\/violence\/"}]},"thumbnail":null},{"id":18104,"ID":18104,"post_type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/online-exclusive\/is-central-america-doomed\/","excerpt":"

Of course not. But the region\u2019s democratic hopes are fighting an uphill battle against corruption, crime, and a violent past.<\/p>\n","title":"Is Central America Doomed?","newsdate":"","supplements":[],"attachments":[],"uploads":[],"issue_gratis":null,"gratis_flag":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/wp-content\/themes\/jod\/assets\/img\/free.svg","issue":null,"class":"post-18104 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-online-exclusive tag-autocracy tag-backsliding tag-bukele tag-daniel-ortega tag-democracy tag-el-salvador tag-guatemala tag-latin-america authors-kai-m-thaler authors-mateo-jarquin authors-rachel-a-schwartz country-el-salvador country-guatemala country-honduras country-nicaragua region-central-america subject-corruption subject-democratic-consolidation subject-democratic-decline subject-democratic-transition subject-violence","terms":{"category":[{"id":2374,"name":"Online Exclusive","slug":"online-exclusive","taxonomy":"category","parent":0,"count":288,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/category\/online-exclusive\/"}],"post_tag":[{"id":2468,"name":"autocracy","slug":"autocracy","taxonomy":"post_tag","parent":0,"count":6,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/tag\/autocracy\/"},{"id":2477,"name":"Backsliding","slug":"backsliding","taxonomy":"post_tag","parent":0,"count":2,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/tag\/backsliding\/"},{"id":2476,"name":"Bukele","slug":"bukele","taxonomy":"post_tag","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/tag\/bukele\/"},{"id":2480,"name":"Daniel Ortega","slug":"daniel-ortega","taxonomy":"post_tag","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/tag\/daniel-ortega\/"},{"id":2474,"name":"Democracy","slug":"democracy","taxonomy":"post_tag","parent":0,"count":4,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/tag\/democracy\/"},{"id":2479,"name":"El Salvador","slug":"el-salvador","taxonomy":"post_tag","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/tag\/el-salvador\/"},{"id":2478,"name":"Guatemala","slug":"guatemala","taxonomy":"post_tag","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/tag\/guatemala\/"},{"id":2475,"name":"Latin America","slug":"latin-america","taxonomy":"post_tag","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/tag\/latin-america\/"}],"authors":[{"id":2471,"name":"Mateo Jarqu\u00edn","slug":"mateo-jarquin","taxonomy":"authors","parent":0,"count":1,"link":"https:\/\/www.journalofdemocracy.org\/authors\/mateo-jarquin\/"},{"id":2407,"name":"Rachel A. 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